Emergency Department Visits – Level of Service

Policy No: 110
Date of Origin: 09/01/2020
Section: Facility
Last Reviewed: 12/01/2023
Last Revised: 12/01/2023
Approved: 12/14/2023
Effective: 01/01/2024

This policy applies to outpatient facilities.

Definitions

Straightforward
Self-limited condition with no meds or home treatment required, signs and symptoms of wound infection explained, return to Emergency Department (ED) if problems develop (see Reference section, #1).

Simple
Over the counter (OTC) medications or treatment, simple dressing changes; patient demonstrates understanding quickly and easily (see Reference section, #1).

Moderate
Head injury instructions, crutch training, bending, lifting, weight-bearing limitations, prescription medication with review of side effects and potential adverse reactions; patient may have questions, but otherwise demonstrates adequate understanding of instructions either verbally or by demonstration.

Complex
Multiple prescription medications and/or home therapies with review of side effects and potential adverse reactions; diabetic, seizure or asthma teaching in compromised or non-compliant patients; patient/caregiver may demonstrate difficulty understanding instructions and may require additional directions to support compliance with prescribed treatment.

Emergency Department

  • Type A emergency department: must meet regulatory requirements and be open 24 hours/day and 7 days/week and apply codes 99281-99285.
  • Type B emergency department: must meet regulatory requirements but is not open 24 hours/day and 7 days/week and apply codes G0380-G0384.

Emergency Medical Condition

  • Member is in serious jeopardy of their health or their unborn child, or
  • Has serious body function or impairment, or
  • Has serious dysfunction of any bodily organ or part.

Emergency Services
Services needed to stabilize an emergency medical condition.

Background
Currently, there are no national standards, that assign levels of services in the emergency department (ED). Thus, the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) developed emergency department (ED) level guidelines, which are in line with the outpatient prospective payment system (OPPS) principles (see Reference section, #1). The ACEP guideline is one of the best-known models for assessing the appropriate level of ED services. The level of care is determined by interventions/complexity of services. Even if multiple interventions within a level occur, the level is the same e.g., two or three interventions within the 99281 level would remain as a 99281 level.

Policy Statement

Note: This policy has been revised. The revised policy will be effective 11/1/2024. To view the revised policy, click here

Individual facility provisions, contracts or state or federal guidelines take precedence over this policy.

Reimbursement for facility Emergency Department (ED) services are based on the highest-level E&M and revenue code for which a claim qualifies. A Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®) Code or a Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) Code for Evaluation and Management (E&M) must be billed, based on the complexity of facility intervention(s) that occurred, during the patient ED visit.

Our health plan requires documentation from the ED visit that includes but is not limited to physician order(s), presenting symptoms, diagnoses and treatment plan in the medical record.

Our health plan reviews the complexity level of facility interventions for the E&M codes as described in the table below. Each level provides facility intervention examples that align with the evaluation and management (E&M) service. The table below, although not an all-inclusive, provides criteria that our health plan will apply to determine the level of reimbursement, for ED services.

Exceptions include:

  • ED visits resulting in observation status or inpatient admission. Emergency Room visits that result in an Inpatient submission will follow guidelines under Reimbursement of Facility Room and Board policy (FAC 103)
  • Critical access hospital services
  • Trauma or critical care services
  • Surgical intensive care services

If a member is admitted as an inpatient from the emergency department or from observation following a visit to the emergency department, the emergency department services provided to that member must be submitted on the same claim as the inpatient services and are not subject to this policy.

Level of services

Level

Description

Facility Intervention Examples

Clinical Examples

  • For Description see Reference section, #3
  • For Facility Intervention and Clinical Examples, see Reference section #1

99281 (G0380)

Emergency department visit for the evaluation and management of a patient that may not require the presence of a physician or other qualified health care professional.

  • Initial Assessment
  • No medication or treatments
  • RX refill only, asymptomatic
  • Note for work or school
  • Wound rechecks
  • Booster or follow up immunization, no acute injury
  • Dressing changes (uncomplicated)
  • Suture removal (uncomplicated)
  • Discussion of discharge
  • Instructions (Straightforward)
  • Insect bite (uncomplicated)
  • Read Tb test

99282 (G0381)

Emergency department visit for the evaluation and management of a patient, which requires a medically appropriate history and/or examination and straightforward medical decision-making.

  • Any interventions from above, plus any below:
  • Test by ED staff (Urine dip, stool hemoccult, Accouches or Detroiter)
  • Visual Acuity (Snellen)
  • Obtain clean catch urine
  • Apply ace wrap or sling
  • Prep or assist with procedures such as: minor laceration repair, I&D of simple abscess, etc.
  • Discussion of Discharge Instructions (Simple)
  • Localized skin rash, lesion, sunburn
  • Minor viral infection
  • Eye discharge – painless
  • Ear pain
  • Urinary frequency without fever
  • Simple trauma (with no x-rays)

99283 (G0382)

Emergency department visit for the evaluation and management of a patient, which requires a medically appropriate history and/or examination and low medical-decision making.

  • Any interventions from above, plus any below:
  • Receipt if EMS/Ambulance patient
  • Heparin/saline lock
  • One Nebulizer treatment
  • Preparation for plain lab tests described in CPT (80048-87999)
  • Preparation for EKG
  • Preparation for plain x-rays of one area (hand, shoulder, pelvis, etc.)
  • Prescription Medication administered PO
  • Foley catheters; in & out catheterization
  • C-spine precautions
  • Fluorescein stain
  • Emesis/Incontinence care
  • Prep or assist with procedures such as joint aspiration/injection, simple, fracture care etc.
  • Mental health-anxious, simple treatment
  • Routine psych medical clearance
  • Limited social work intervention
  • Postmortem care
  • Direct admit via ED
  • Discussion of Discharge Instructions (Moderate Complexity)
  • Minor trauma (with potential complicating factors)
  • Medical conditions requiring prescription drug management
  • Fever which responds to antipyretics
  • Headache - history of, no serial exam
  • Head injury - without neurologic symptoms
  • Eye pain
  • Mild dyspnea - not requiring oxygen

99284 (G0383)

Emergency department visit for the evaluation and management of a patient, which requires a medically appropriate history and/or examination and moderate medical decision-making.

  • Any interventions from above, plus any below:
  • Preparation for 2 diagnostic exams: (labs, EKG, X-ray)
  • Prep for plain x-ray (multiple body areas)
  • C-spine & foot, shoulder, pelvis
  • Prep for special imaging (CT, MRI, Ultrasound, VQ sans)
  • Cardiac Monitoring
  • Two nebulizer treatments
  • Port-a-cat venous access
  • Administration and Monitoring of infusions or parenteral medications (IV, IM, SC) NG/PEG1
  • Tube Placement/Replacement Multiple Assessments
  • Prep or Assist w/procedures such as eye irrigation with Morgan lens, bladder irrigation with 3-way Foley, pelvic exam, etc.
  • Sexual Assault Exam without specimen collection
  • Psychotic patient; not suicidal
  • Discussion of Discharge Instructions (Complex)
  • Blunt/penetrating trauma with limited diagnostic testing
  • Headache with nausea/vomiting
  • Dehydration requiring treatment
  • Vomiting requiring treatment
  • Dyspnea requiring oxygen
  • Respiratory illness relieved with two nebulizer treatments
  • Chest Pain – with limited diagnostic testing
  • Abdominal pain with limited diagnostic testing
  • Non-menstrual vaginal bleeding
  • Neurological symptoms - with limited diagnostic testing

99285 (G0384)

Emergency department visit for the evaluation and management of a patient, which requires a medically appropriate history and/or examination and high medical decision-making.

Any interventions from above, plus any below:

  • Requires frequent monitoring of multiple vital signs (i.e. O2 sat, BP, cardiac rhythm, respiratory rate)
  • Preparation > 3 diagnostic tests: (Labs, EKG, X-ray)
  • Prep for special imaging study (CT, MRI, Ultrasound, VQ scan) combined with multiple tests or parenteral medication or oral or IV contrast
  • Administration of Blood Transfusion/Blood Products
  • Oxygen via ace mask or NRB
  • Multiple Nebulizer Treatments: three or more (if nebulizer is continuous, each 20-minute treatment is considered treatment)
  • Moderate Sedation
  • Prep or assist with procedures such as: central line insertion, gastric lavage, LP, paracentesis, etc.
  • Cooling or heating blanket
  • Extended Social Worker intervention
  • Sexual Assault Exam with specimen collection by ED staff
  • Coordination of hospital admission/transfer or change in living situation or site
  • Physical/Chemical Restraints;
  • Suicide Watch
  • Critical Care less than 30 minutes
  • Blunt/penetrating trauma requiring multiple diagnostic tests
  • Systemic multi-system medical emergency requiring multiple diagnostics
  • Severe infections requiring IV/IM antibiotics
  • Uncontrolled DM
  • Severe burns
  • Hypothermia
  • New onset altered mental status
  • Headache (severe): CT and/or LP
  • Chest pain—multiple diagnostic tests/treatments
  • Respiratory illness—relieved by three or more nebulizer treatments
  • Abdominal pain--multiple diagnostic tests/treatments
  • Major musculoskeletal injury
  • Acute peripheral vascular compromise of extremities
  • Neurologic symptoms-- multiple diagnostic tests/treatments
  • Toxic ingestions
  • Mental Health problem—suicidal/homicidal

References

American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP), ED Facility Level Coding Guidelines

Anthem Emergency Department: Level of Evaluation and Management Services

Optum360, 2020

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), 42 CFR § 422.113

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), OPPS Visit Codes Frequently Asked Questions, CMS.gov

Cross References

Correct Coding Guidelines

Reimbursement of Facility Room and Board

Disclaimer

Your use of this Reimbursement Policy constitutes your agreement to be bound by and comply with the terms and conditions of the Reimbursement Policy Disclaimer.